Wednesday, July 17, 2013

Nudibranch (Glaucus atlanticus)

                           Blue Dragon of sea

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Order: Nudibranchia
Family: Glaucidae
Super family: Aeolidioidea
Genus: Glaucus
Species :G. atlanticus
Author: (Forster, 1777)



The term Nudibranch is derived from two ancient words namely - Nudus (naked) in Latin and  brankia (gillsGreek). They are shelless mollusc belonging to order Nudibrachia . There are around 3000 species of nudibranchs are in the world. Glaucus atlanticus is one among them belonging to the family Galucidae  . They are commonly termed as sea swallows, blue dragon, blue sea slugs based on its floating capacity on pealgic water and appearance. Glaucus is the only genus with two species in the family Glaucidae .They live in pelagic waters and are distributed in both tropical and temperate regions all around the world . They  float upside down in the pelagic surface due to  the location of air sac  on the ventral side. Dorsal side of the mollusc is silvery white or grey colour and ventral side is dark blue which gives a counter shading property when the mollusc swims upside down. Average size of this mollusc varies from 35mm to 43 mm.  It has a blunt head, elongated  and tapered body with 3 pairs of appendages . Finger like projections rise from appendages called “cerata”. These creatures move in water by rowing the cerata in the appendages and moving their body up and down. Glaucus are hermaphroditic in nature (both male and female sex organs are present in the same animal). Egg strings are produced and each egg is 60-75 mm wide and 75-97 mm long. Within 48-60 hours trochophore larva is formed, followed by veliger with larval shell after 3 days. These shelless molluscs contain shells during their veliger stage and sheds it when it grows as adult.  Like other Nudibranchs, blue sea slugs are also carnivores feeding on a variety of pelagic organisms including the dangerous Portuguese Man O’ War, Physalia physalis; the ‘by-the-wind-sailor’Velella velella ; the blue button, Porpita porpita ; and the violet snail, Janthina janthina . One peculiar character of this tiny creature is separation of stinging cells (Nematocysts) of hydroids in digestive system after feeding. It stores the nematocysts in minute sac like structure called “cnidosacs” present in the tip of each cerata and uses for defence and predation. Since, it stores more nematocysts it can cause more damage than the hydroids.



Acknowledgements : 
Pictures were collected from following links



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